What is a deck ship and what is its purpose?

The deck ship is an important part of the structure. It is a flat structure located above the bottom of the hull’s interior, used to cover the interior space of the ship and layer it horizontally. The deck is a steel plate on the ship’s keel, which divides the hull into three layers: upper, middle, and lower.

The steel plates arranged horizontally along the hull are called decks, and the hull is divided into upper and lower layers by the deck. The long deck in front and behind the upper deck is called the upper deck. If all the openings of this cover can be closed and waterproof, the cover can also be called the main cover, and it is also called the payload cover when measured.

A few ocean-going ships also have an upper deck that runs through the bow and stern to the main deck. Since the openings cannot be guaranteed to be sealed, they can only be called protective covers.

The deck divides the ship into upper and lower parts. The parts above the main deck are collectively called superstructures; the parts below the main deck are called the main hull.

The long deck below the main deck is called the second deck, the third deck, etc. From top to bottom. Above the main deck is a short deck, which is usually named after the name or purpose of the cabin on this deck, such as bridge deck, lifeboat deck, etc.

The outdoor area is on the deck of a wooden boat beside the ship. Bulkheads and ribs support the lower part, and beams are under the deck. In addition to ensuring the surface is waterproof and convenient for pedestrians, it also increases the structure’s overall strength. Independent deck, rear deck, and side deck. The middle deck of a wooden deck barge is also called a deck, which is generally movable.

List of Main Parts of Deck Ships

When we start defining the different parts of a ship, we must first realize that this is new vocabulary. You must recognize these words and understand what they mean. Without these words, you will be completely lost on the ship. The words are explained along with a diagram. Let’s start with the different deck ships.

Deck ship

The ship has many different types of decks located at different heights and locations. Every sailor working on a ship should be familiar with these decks. Passenger ships, livestock carriers, ro-ro ships, car carriers, etc., have multiple decks. However, they can be identified as A, B, and C floors.

Since the names of these decks are taken from sailing ships and/or naval ships, the application can sometimes be a bit confusing.

1. Stern Deck: The stern deck is located at the ship’s stern. The stern deck is one level above the main deck and part of the accommodation (roof).

2. Main Deck: As the name suggests, the main deck is the main deck on any ship. However, the main deck is not the upper deck on the ship but the open deck. On most commercial ships, the main and open decks are the same.

3. Upper Deck: The deck that covers the hull from bow to stern is the upper deck. It is the upper deck of the ship. The upper deck is the largest among all other decks in all ships. Also, it is the same in most merchant ships as the main deck.

4. Lower Deck: The deck below the main deck is the lower deck. The secondary surface usually consists of multiple surfaces.

5. Picnic Deck: A picnic is a lazy walk at a suitable location such as a beach or a park. On ships, the promenade deck is a place for passengers to have a quiet and pleasant stroll on the ship while enjoying the beautiful sea view. It is generally the area around the superstructure. It can have an open railing or be surrounded by glass. This is found on passenger ships.

6. Tween Surface: “Tween” means “between.” In ships, the double deck is between the lower and main decks. It is used for general cargo ships and refrigerated ships to load cargo.

7. Open Deck: The deck with no roof and is therefore adaptable to the changing weather conditions at sea is called the open deck. It is the upper deck of the ship that is exposed to the environment.

8. Bridge Deck: The bridge deck is the deck where the navigation equipment of the ship is located.

9. Afterdeck: The deck located near the ship’s stern is called the afterdeck. The afterdeck is a part of the upper deck. The term comes from sailing ships and naval ships, where the senior officers live as the control station of the ship.

Bow or Forehead: The front part of the ship is designed for aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, and operational reasons.

Fore Platform: The raised area at the front is used to store small operating equipment.

Nose Bump: The bulbous part of the nose is located under the water, which helps to reduce the resistance of the water.

Double Bottom: Found on all ships, it houses the strength elements of the ship and provides a clean loading surface.

Shipping Container: The place where cargo is loaded.

Superstructure or Accommodation: The place where the staff and offices of the ship are located

Engine Room or Machinery Space: Where the propulsion machinery and related machinery are located.

Propeller: A propeller-like structure designed to move the ship when it turns.

Rudder: A vertical plate placed behind the propeller to guide the ship when it turns the water.

Stern: The stern or rear end of a ship.

Anchor: A hook-like device used to stabilize a ship in shallow water.

Chain locker: A place for storing anchor chains.

Forepeak: A ballast tank located at the front of a ship, forward of the crashbars.

Crashbar: The forward transverse head of the crash bars. A solid barrier that protects a ship in the event of a collision.

Forepeak storeroom: An enclosed area on the main deck below the foredeck of a ship, used as a storeroom.

Foremast: A vertical mast holds navigation lights, whistles or horns, and antennas.

Crane pole: A small pole used to hoist the crane flag.

Hatch cover: A weatherproof cover that covers a cargo hold, placed over a hatch.

Hole: An opening in a roof used to access the area below the roof.

Transom bulkhead: A waterproof wall-like structure that runs from the keel to the main deck and to the sides of the ship. They create watertight compartments for cargo and provide transverse strength to the ship.

Tank roof: The smooth-surfaced top of a double-bottom tank used to carry cargo.

Mast room or deck house: A small weatherproof room on deck used as a storeroom or equipment room. In early days it was part of the mast structure and hence was called a mast room.

After peak tank: The last ballast tank through which the propeller shaft usually passes. It can be used to store fresh water.

After peak store: Stores are located below the main deck or after deck at the stern. Usually used to store mooring ropes.

Steering Gear Room: Also called a flat steering room. The steering gear equipment that operates the rudder is located here. This is the top of the rudder.

Flagpole: A small pole at the far end of the ship used to display the “flag”.

Funnel: All exhaust pipes in the engine room pass through it, releasing exhaust gases into the atmosphere. The company logo is also displayed here.

Main Mast or Radar Mast: A column-like structure on top of the navigation bridge that is used to display flags and locate whistles or horns, radar scanning devices, navigation lights and various antennas.

Bridge: This is the command center at sea. Navigation is done from here.

Officers’ Quarters: The quarters for officers.

Crew Accommodation: The quarters for crew members.

Galley: Where food is cooked.

Laundry: The laundry room.

Supply Store: Where supplies are stored.

Cold Store: Where frozen/refrigerated food is stored.

Restricted Lockers/Warehouses: Where “duty-free” goods such as alcohol, beer, chocolate, etc. are stored.

Grocery Store: Where various small stores are stored.

Mess: A place where meals are eaten

Recreation room: A place where recreational activities are carried out.

Gym: A place where physical exercise is performed.

Storage: A place where food is processed before being served. Food is not cooked here.

Ballast tank: A tank filled with seawater to increase the ship’s weight so that it can sink.

Fresh water tank: A tank that stores fresh water.

Fuel tank: A tank that stores fuel oil.

Lubricating oil tank: A tank that stores lubricating oil.

Diesel tank: A tank that stores diesel oil.

Waste oil tank: A tank used to store dirty oil for disposal at port.

Surface coating: A coating that covers the surface.

Hole cladding: A vertical coating used to make holes.

Guard: A half-height board fence or barrier around the side of the ship to protect the crew.

Rounded edge: Where the deck plate is connected to the hull plate. This can have no rounded portion.

Shear plate: The top panel of the body panel.

Hull plating: The plate that covers the hull frame (gunwale and keel) on the hull.

Linerboard: A longitudinal plate extending forward and aft, mounted on a round lintel to reduce rolling.

Plate: A plate adjacent to the keel plate.

Channel plate: A channel steel extending forward and backward made on the keel plate. Used for laying pipes, valves and cables over long distances.

Top tank: A tank placed below the deck plate along the ship’s side.

Bottom tank: A tank placed on top of a double bottom tank along the side of the ship.

Keel plate: The center plate of a ship.

Liner plate: A plate connecting the hull side plate and the landing gear plate.

Round bottom: The bottom plate of a ship is a round plate with a smooth surface under water. The radius of the rounding is called the “bottom radius”.

Roof hatch between two sections: An opening in the roof between two sections for access to the lower store.

Vegetable oil tank or deep tank: A tank used to carry non-flammable liquid cargo.

Temporary levee: An area deliberately left for inspection purposes.

Void space: An area of ​​a ship that cannot be used due to its design.

Double bottom tank: A tank that is usually used for ballast to give stability to the ship.

Top wing tank: An internal tank located on the ship’s top, used for ballast or fresh water.

Bottom wing tank: An internal tank along the bottom of the ship (above the double bottom tank), used for ballast water or fresh water.

Ship equipment

The transport equipment depends on the requirements of the ship. In the early days, when ports were not well developed, ships had transport equipment to handle cargo. These systems were traditional and sometimes different. Preparing the equipment was a complex part and required a lot of manpower. For a long period, the Derrick system lost out to the “lever” system. Today we rarely see derrick systems, but cranes have become common. The design and capacity of cranes vary. Small and medium-sized bulk carriers are equipped with crane systems to load and unload cargo in smaller ports. Container feeder companies may be equipped with cranes to handle containers in smaller ports.

Derrick system: Besides the crane, they have a support system. The mast can be of different types, such as “T” shape, “goal post” or Stullken (an angle shape). The mast can be supported by wire (a method of connecting the top of the mast to the deck).

Crane Systems: Cranes have become popular because they do not require manpower for rigging. They are easy to operate and can run up to 3,600 mph. Cranes can efficiently handle cargo and do not require mast support.

Installation and Mooring Equipment

It includes

Crane: It is designed to handle anchors. Most of the time, it also has an attachment for handling mooring ropes. Handling refers to pulling (lifting) or releasing the anchor chain or mooring rope. The clutch connects/disconnects the individual cylinders. It is always placed on the foredeck where the anchor is located.

Mooring Cranes: These cranes are specifically designed to handle mooring ropes. It consists of a rope/wire drum and a twisting drum. They are placed on the foredeck and aftdeck.

Guide Pulley: It is a type of pulley used to

Guide: A pulley that guides the rope. They prevent the rope from rubbing.

Panama Guide or Peg: They are a reinforced hole through which the rope or cable is passed.

Pedestal Guide: These raised guides guide the rope to the rigging drum. Also called “oldies” or “deadies”.

Rope or Bit: A pair of cylindrical steel pieces attached to mooring ropes and cables.

Great Lake Guides: An arrangement of horizontal and vertical pulleys. Through which the frayed rope is passed.

Capstan: Is a vertical shaft winch. Rarely seen today.